中华绒螯蟹颤抖病的人工复制试验

用在江苏采集的发生“颤抖病”的中华绒螯蟹组织匀浆,经除菌处理,人工接种健康绒螯蟹,约１０ｄ发病,发现典型症状,继而死亡。将人工复制发病的绒螯蟹（ＢＹ１）除菌后,接种健康绒螯蟹,同样使其发病并死亡（ＢＹ２）。电镜观察ＢＹＯ,ＢＹＩ,ＢＹ２的超薄切片,其神经组织和肝胰脏等的细胞质中发现圆形病毒颗粒,大小约５５￣６５ｎｍ,具有外膜样结构,因此,可以在中华绒螯蟹颤抖病的病原为病毒。     

利用臭氧处理水培育中华绒螯蟹苗的试验

育苗水体经臭氧处理后 ,水中的细菌得到有效抑制 ;亚硝酸盐大幅度降解 ,使水质条件得到明显改善。利用灰色系统关联度分析 ,影响出苗量作用因子的主次顺序为 :细菌总数 >氨氮 >耗氧量 >亚硝酸盐。应用正交试验找出最佳因子优化组合为 A3B1 C1 。     

Implications of intraguild predation for sea turtle nest protection

In the United States, raccoons Procyon lotor are often removed from sea turtle nesting beaches to decrease egg mortality. However, raccoons also consume ghost crabs Ocypode quadrata, another common egg predator. Reducing predator populations can benefit secondary predators, inflating total predation pressure and leading to a decline in prey species. We used track and burrow counts to compare raccoon and ghost crab abundance at four beaches in Florida, USA, that differ in management activity and determined predation rates on loggerhead Caretta caretta nests by each predator. Mean raccoon abundance (range 0.12-0.46 tracks plot⁻¹ night⁻¹) and ghost crab density (0.09-0.19 burrows m⁻²) were inversely correlated. Ghost crabs were largest at the site with the fewest raccoons. The stable nitrogen isotope ratios of ghost crabs (mean 9.8‰) were positively correlated with body mass, indicating larger ghost crabs feed at a higher trophic level and suggesting large ghost crabs may consume more loggerhead eggs. The highest rates of egg predation by both predators (31%) occurred where raccoon abundance was lowest and ghost crab abundance was highest, suggesting ghost crab burrows may facilitate predation by raccoons. Our data suggest that predation by raccoons limits ghost crabs and that removing raccoons can increase ghost crab abundance and sea turtle egg mortality. Although predator removal can be effective when nest predation rates are quite high, maintaining moderate raccoon densities may be important for controlling ghost crabs. These results highlight the importance of understanding food web connectivity in developing management strategies to achieve conservation goals, especially when the species of concern are threatened or facing extinction.     

大规格河蟹健康养殖的种质研究

河蟹苗种的质量是大规格河蟹健康养殖成功与否的关键因素之一。在选择蟹种前,必须掌握不同水系蟹种的特点,要善于从不同水系的蟹种中选择优质亲本和苗种。另外,既要能识别性早熟的蟹种,也要尽可能自行培育优质蟹种。在合理放养时,要注意河蟹种的优先选择顺序,同时要掌握放养的技术要点。     

量天尺和仙人掌为砧木嫁接的蟹爪越冬情况及对策

量天尺(Hylocereus undatus)和仙人掌(Opuntia dillenii)是蟹爪(Zygocactus truncates)嫁接最常用的砧木。主要分析了由它们嫁接的植株越冬结果及产生不同结果的原因,提出了应对方法。     

CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST STUDIES IN THE HORSESHOE CRAB (LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS)

Survey and contrast radiographic studies of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) were undertaken using conventional and flouroscopic techniques. Normal gastrointestinal and cardiovascular structures were difficult to resolve on survey radiographs, but were well visualized with gastrointestinal follow through studies and angiography, respectively. All three contrast agents (iohexol, Gastrografin, and barium sulfate) used for the gastrointestinal studies varied minimally in their radiographic quality and transit times, and all appeared to be safe for use in the horseshoe crab.     

虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹摄食和生长影响的研究

分别用虾蛄蛋白浆替代饲料中2%和4%的鱼粉,并以乌贼膏为对照,研究其对河蟹摄食和生长的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹的诱食作用与乌贼膏相当,但摄食量显著高于乌贼膏组。此外,虾蛄蛋白浆还具有明显的促进河蟹脱壳生长的作用,其作用机制可能与其中氨基酸、小肽、胆固醇等含量丰富有关。     

稻田养蟹"盘山模式"的水温特征分析

[目的]研究稻田养蟹＂盘山模式＂的水温特征。[方法]利用稻田养蟹＂盘山模式＂中水田温度和气象监测资料,分析了该模式中不同深度的水温随天气变化的特征,同时结合试验基地2009年的河蟹和水稻的生产效益,讨论了水温变化给河蟹生态养殖带来的效益。[结果]盘山稻田养蟹模式无论在晴天或雨天均能够在一定程度上很好地改良河蟹最重要的生存环境因子之一——水温,扩大了河蟹生存活动的垂直空间。[结论]为实现水稻增产、河蟹养成规格增大提供保障。     

长江口九段沙中华绒螯蟹体内重金属和有机氯农药的分布特征

对采自长江口九段沙湿地的雌性和雄性中华绒螯蟹身体肌肉、肝胰腺和性腺中重金属和有机氯农药的含量分布进行了研究。结果表明,雌蟹肝胰腺和性腺对Pb、Cd、Cr、As的富集能力较强,而雄蟹肝胰腺对Cd、As的富集能力较强。DDTs和BHCs的个体富集能力性别差异不明显,但是表现出肝胰腺〉性腺≥肌肉的器官分布差异。BHCs中β-BHC的异常高值和α-BHC与γ-BHC的比值小于3,说明中华绒螯蟹体内的BHCs具有较长的环境存留时间,并可能有林丹的新近输入。（DDE＋DDD）/DDT的比值远大于1,说明该地区中华绒鳌蟹洄游和生活的水体环境中没有新的DDTs污染源。     

中华绒螯蟹中微量元素的分布及评估

研究了中华绒螯蟹中K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb和Cr等微量元素在身体肌肉、螯足肌肉、鳃丝、性腺和肝胰脏中的分布状况,以及雄蟹和雌蟹的差异,并对中华绒螯蟹微量元素的营养价值和重金属污染的情况进行了评价。结果表明,中华绒螯蟹中K、Na含量最高,Fe、Zn、Cu次之,Cd、Pb、Cr最低。同一元素在不同部位的分布有较明显的差异,鳃丝中各种微量元素的含量都较高。多数微量元素的含量在雌雄蟹各部位之间没有明显的差异,但性腺中Cd、Cu、Na、K和Cr的含量有明显的差异,其中Cr在雌蟹和雄蟹肌肉中的含量也有明显的差异。中华绒螯蟹是K、Na、Fe、Zn、Cu等微量元素的良好食品来源,但Pb、Cd污染情况较为严重。